Advanced Courses

Recent courses for returning students:

Combinatorics

Vicky Neale

It is hard to define combinatorics in an abstract sense, but not so hard to recognise when you spot it in the wild. Combinatorics is sometimes described as being about counting, and certainly it includes some of that, but it is much broader than that might suggest, including the study of a wide variety of finite systems and discrete collections.  In this course, we explore a variety of topics from combinatorics, some rather old and some relating to very recent research; this might include some graph theory, some extremal combinatorics, some probabilistic combinatorics, and some Ramsey theory.  The area of combinatorics includes numerous problems that are easy to state and yet very difficult to solve, and often the key to progress is hard work and ingenuity in problem solving rather than the application of sophisticated theory.  The course gives lots of opportunity for working on problems and for playing around with ideas.

Graph Theory

Niki Kalaydzhieva, Vicky Neale

The study of graphs, networks of vertices (or nodes) some of which are connected by edges, arguably began in the 18th century with Euler’s celebrated solution of the Bridges of Königsberg problem, but much of the work in the area dates from the 20th and 21st centuries (so far). The theory of graphs has been developed significantly since Euler’s early work, but the area is still characterised by problems that are easy to state and (in some cases) fiendishly difficult to solve, and very often the key to progress is hard work and ingenuity in problem solving rather than the application of sophisticated theory. The course starts with definitions and elementary results, and moves on to sample some of the beautiful theory in different aspects of the study of graphs. Along the way, there is lots of opportunity for working on problems and for playing around with the ideas.

Group Theory

Niki Kalaydzhieva, Vicky Neale

One of the key aspects of advanced mathematics is the process of abstraction. We find that seemingly unrelated situations share certain properties, so we unpick exactly what it is that those situations have in common that lead to those properties. If we can then prove results assuming only those properties, then they will apply to all the situations with those properties and so we get many results for the price of one. One absolutely key example of this process is the group, examples of which can be found in many, many mathematical settings. In this course, there is discussion of what a group is, presentation of a number of important examples, and exploration of some properties of general groups and of particular types of group. It follows on very nicely from the Number Theory course that returning students have taken in their first year, but it is also accessible to students participating in PROMYS Europe for the first time

This course draws on the book Visual Group Theory, by Nathan Carter.

The Probabilistic Method

David Conlon (Oxford, Wadham College)

A five week reading course on the probabilistic method, based on two sources, the book The Probabilistic Method, by Noga Alon and Joel Spencer, and the notes of an undergraduate lecture course at Oxford.